TUBERCULOSIS (TB)

TUBERCULOSIS (TB)

Over view

Tuberculosis is chronic airborne infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis also known acid fast baccili; less frequent it can be caused by mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium africanus. It is a public health problem .

Sign and symptoms

• Cough of more than two weeks.
• Chest pain .
• Fever .
• Loss of appetite.
• Excessive Night sweats .
• Haemoptysis(sputum mixed with blood stains).
• Loss of weight .

Types of Tuberculosis

•  Pulmonary TB : Its most common and infectious affecting the lung.

•  Extra pulmonary TB: occurs when bacteria spread outside the lung to cause damage in any organ such as meninges, lymphnodes, kidneys, spine, intestinal and ostearticular. it common among people with HIV/AIDS .

Prevention and controls 

• It is spread through coughing ,sneezing ,talking and splitting droplets .
• It can also prevented by immunisation that includes BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin) vaccine .
• Patient should be isolated from other patient .

Personal hygiene and sanitation should be maintain to reduce the risk of disease.

• Antibiotic such as rifampicin,isoniazid,etc.